In times of anxiety, it’s common to seek solace in familiar treats like chocolate or donuts. However, recent findings from the University of Colorado Boulder indicate that indulging in high-fat foods might not be the best coping mechanism after all.
The research, led by Professor Christopher Lowry, sheds light on how high-fat diets can potentially worsen anxiety. Contrary to the belief that such foods only lead to weight gain, the study suggests they can disrupt gut bacteria in a way that affects brain chemicals linked to anxiety.
The study, published in the journal Biological Research, involved feeding two groups of teenage rats different diets for nine weeks. One group consumed a standard diet with 11% fat, while the other group consumed a high-fat diet with 45% fat. At the end of the study, the rats on the high-fat diet showed not only increased weight but also less diverse gut microbiomes. Specifically, they had higher levels of bacteria from the Firmicutes category and lower levels from the Bacteroidetes group.
Furthermore, the high-fat diet led to increased activity in three genes associated with serotonin synthesis. While serotonin is commonly associated with positive emotions, its activation in certain neurons can also trigger anxiety-like symptoms. One of these genes, tryptophan hydroxylase (tph2), is also linked to mood disorders and an elevated risk of suicide.
Professor Lowry highlighted the profound impact of a high-fat diet on gene expression in the brain, likening the molecular signature of the high-fat group to that of a heightened anxiety state. He speculated that an unhealthy gut microbiota could compromise the gut lining, potentially allowing harmful microbes to enter the bloodstream and communicate with the brain via the vagus nerve.
Reflecting on human evolution, Professor Lowry emphasized our innate ability to recognize threats to our health. However, he noted that not all fats are detrimental, citing studies that suggest healthy fats, like those from avocados, may counteract the effects of unhealthy fats. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids found in nuts, seeds, olive oil, and seafood offer anti-inflammatory and cognitive benefits.
In essence, the study underscores the intricate relationship between diet, gut health, and mental well-being, suggesting that dietary choices can play a significant role in managing anxiety.
