A newly recognized condition, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, affects approximately 90% of U.S. adults. This syndrome is a combination of heart disease, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, CKM syndrome can be prevented by focusing on four key health factors, as outlined by the American Heart Association:
Blood Pressure
High blood pressure is a leading cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Since hypertension often has no symptoms, regular monitoring is essential. A healthy blood pressure reading is below 120/80. Lifestyle changes, such as following the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can help manage blood pressure. Reducing alcohol intake also contributes to lowering blood pressure.
Cholesterol
High cholesterol, particularly elevated LDL (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides, increases the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. For optimal CKM health, LDL should be below 100, and triglycerides should be under 150. Adopting the DASH or Mediterranean diet and increasing physical activity can help reduce cholesterol levels and improve overall metabolic health.
Body Weight
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for reducing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher, coupled with excess weight around the waist (35 inches or more for women and 40 inches for men), signals a higher risk for CKM syndrome. Setting realistic weight management goals, controlling portion sizes, making healthier food choices, and staying active are essential steps for maintaining a healthy weight.
Blood Sugar
High blood sugar, a precursor to diabetes, is a significant risk factor for kidney disease, heart disease, and stroke. Healthy fasting blood glucose levels are between 70-99 mg/dL, and an A1C level below 5.7% is considered normal. Keeping blood sugar in check involves managing other risk factors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, controlling cholesterol levels, and staying physically active.
By controlling these four key health factors—blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight, and blood sugar—individuals can significantly reduce their risk for CKM syndrome, improving their overall cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health.
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