Stem cells are unique in their ability to divide indefinitely, making them a focus for scientists seeking to extend human lifespans and repair damaged tissues. Pluripotent stem cells can develop into any of the body’s three main tissue types: endoderm (including intestines and lungs), mesoderm (muscle and heart), and ectoderm (nerves and skin). However, cultivating these cells and guiding their development remains a significant challenge. Advances in this area could lead to breakthroughs in bioengineering, such as the artificial growth of entire organs.
Researchers at Osaka University recently introduced a new device called INSPCTOR, detailed in the journal Lab on a Chip. This compact in-incubator cell imaging system allows for real-time monitoring of cell growth, even in tight spaces.
INSPCTOR uses lens-free imaging technology combined with thin-film transistors (TFT). These sensors capture scattered light that passes through objects and generates electrical charges. Each sensor is the size of a standard glass slide and can monitor up to six culture chambers on a typical 8-well plate. This design enables the simultaneous observation of multiple cultures within a compact incubator.
To showcase the capabilities of INSPCTOR, researchers tracked the transition of epithelial cells, which are stationary, into mesenchymal cells, which move more freely. This transformation is vital for processes like embryonic development and wound healing. The team successfully measured the progression of this change based on the light detected by the sensor under the culture plate.
In a remarkable demonstration, the researchers observed stem cells differentiating into cardiomyocytes, which began beating together. They recorded how drugs affected the rate of these contractions and how the frequency changed as the cells matured. “We anticipate that our work will contribute to advancements in regenerative medicine and drug discovery,” stated Takeharu Nagai, the study’s senior author. INSPCTOR’s compact size and potential for cost-effective mass production set it apart from existing devices.
Verifying proper stem cell development is crucial, as the differentiation process is sensitive and can easily fail under the wrong conditions. Quick detection of errors is essential, especially since the process is time-consuming. As automation plays an increasing role in cell culturing, the ability to monitor cell growth becomes more important than ever.
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