Researchers in the UK have successfully manipulated two prominent types of brain waves—alpha and theta oscillations—while volunteers slept. This study aims to develop better tools for examining critical neurological activities.
Alpha and theta waves are linked to resting and relaxing states, particularly during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, when vivid dreams occur. REM sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation and cognitive function, making brain wave activity an important focus for scientists.
“Brain oscillations help the brain learn and retain information,” said Valeria Jaramillo, a neuroscientist at the University of Surrey. “While brain oscillations during REM sleep are associated with memory functions, their exact role is still unclear.”
The researchers employed a method known as closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) to enhance or disrupt brain waves in non-REM sleep. This technique involves using sounds delivered through headphones to target specific brain wave patterns. However, it had not been widely tested on REM sleep.
In their study with 18 participants, the scientists adjusted the speed and strength of brain waves, monitored through electrodes placed on the scalp. Alpha waves (8 to 12 Hertz) and theta waves (4 to 8 Hertz) typically occur in the brain’s frontal region during relaxed states, such as when dozing or deciding whether to wake up.
These brain waves remain similar whether we are awake or in REM sleep. By controlling these waves, researchers hope to enhance brain function and potentially slow down degeneration related to dementia.
“There is currently no cure for dementia,” noted Ines Violante, a neuroscientist at the University of Surrey. “Innovative treatment options are essential, as existing medications only slow disease progression or temporarily alleviate symptoms.”
More research is necessary to establish the therapeutic effects of this technique on dementia. However, previous studies indicate that memory and cognitive challenges often arise when brain wave oscillations slow down.
“This approach could lead to new treatment methods for dementia patients,” said Derk-Jan Dijk, a professor of sleep and physiology at the University of Surrey. “It is non-invasive and conducted during sleep, minimizing disruption to patients’ lives while allowing for a more targeted intervention.”
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