Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers, especially when detected early. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, getting vaccinated, and undergoing regular screenings are key steps women can take to significantly reduce their risk of developing this disease.
Cervical cancer develops when abnormal cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause, responsible for 70% of cases, particularly types 16 and 18.
Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer:
HPV infection: The primary cause, with certain high-risk strains increasing vulnerability.
Smoking: It weakens the immune system and damages cervical cells, doubling the risk.
Weakened immune system: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive treatments increase risk.
Early sexual activity and multiple partners: These factors increase exposure to HPV.
Lack of screening and vaccination: These elevate the likelihood of developing cervical cancer.
Dr. D. Shriniwas Kulkarni, Consultant Medical Oncologist at Sahyadri Super Speciality Hospital, Pune, emphasizes that if left untreated, abnormal cervical cells can invade deeper layers and spread. “Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable when caught early. Awareness, early diagnosis, and timely intervention are crucial,” he explains, highlighting the importance of proactive health measures, particularly in countries like India where the incidence remains high.
Preventative Measures to Lower the Risk of Cervical Cancer:
Vaccination
The HPV vaccine is a critical preventive measure. It protects against the high-risk HPV strains that lead to cervical cancer. Recommended for girls and boys between ages 9 and 12 before sexual activity begins, the vaccine can also benefit adults up to age 45 who haven’t been vaccinated. Dr. Kulkarni calls the HPV vaccine “a breakthrough in cancer prevention,” emphasizing that early administration can nearly eliminate the risk of cervical cancer.
Regular Screening
Routine screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV DNA tests, are essential for early detection. Women aged 21 to 29 should have a Pap test every three years. For women aged 30 to 65, a Pap test combined with an HPV test every five years or a Pap test alone every three years is recommended.
Safe Sex Practices
Using condoms and limiting sexual partners significantly reduce HPV transmission. Practicing safe sex is crucial in lowering the risk of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Quit Smoking
Smoking increases the risk of squamous cell cervical cancer. Quitting not only reduces this risk but also boosts overall health. Dr. Kulkarni notes, “Smoking weakens the body’s ability to fight infections, including HPV. Stopping smoking is one of the most impactful lifestyle changes women can make.”
Healthy Diet and Nutrition
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains strengthens the immune system. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as those containing beta-carotene and vitamins C and E, offer added protection. Maintaining a healthy weight is also essential, as obesity is linked to a higher risk of cervical cancer.
Regular Exercise
Physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy weight and enhancing the immune system, both of which reduce cancer risk.
By adopting these preventive measures, women can significantly lower their risk of cervical cancer, ensuring better health and a brighter future.
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